Did You Know? - 2। The Four Divisions of each Vedas। Knowledge from Sanskrit Literature
The four divisions of each Vedas are: 1) Saṃhitā (संहिता), 2) Brāhmanam (ब्राह्मणम्), 3) Āranyakam (आरण्यकम्) and 4) Upanishad (उपनिषत्).
For each Vedas, these are the contents of Vedas in a broader sense. One more component includes the shakhas (शाखा-s) or branches. To clarify, let's take a common example that we see now. In India, we have NCERT books. We have projects based on the NCERT syllabus. The projects submitted by the students of SCHOOL 1 are different from the SCHOOL 2. Similarly, the shakhas were having the same topics of discussion explained with minor changes.
Another misconception is about the term Upanishads. 'Vedanta' is a popular term you might come across in ancient history textbooks as another name for Upanishads. Vedanta means the anta of Vedas. That is the ultimate knowledge. The misconception is that these are the end of Vedas. No, many Upanishads come in between two Aranyakas. Since the subject matter of Upanishads is philosophical such as What is the universe? Who created this universe? What was before the creation of this universe? What is death? Is there life after death? These are beyond the scope of what is discussed in Samhitas and Brahmans. Thus, Upanisads are jnana Kāṇda. They deal with knowledge aspects rather than worldly affairs. Ultimately, Upanishads deal with the answers to philosophical questions that one asks at least once in their life. Who am I? From where do I come? and so on. I don't know how to explain further about this. If anyone is interested, read more about jnana Kanda or listen to talks of experts in this field.
Samhitas are the mantras to be recited during sacrifices. Brahmanams explains the procedures for doing the sacrifice. Aranyakas give procedures for meditation. Samhitas and Brahmanas are known as Karma Kanda and Aranyakas are Upasana kandas.
As I told before, Upanishads give answers to questions like why one should do all these things and explain the philosophical aspects.
In my opinion, through selfless karma, one's mind is purified and becomes ready to focus on meditation. Through meditation, one is ready to find answers to the quest that he/she has asked at least once in their lifetime. That's how the understanding of these four divisions of each Vedas helps us to rekindle our knowledge.
For more, search on the internet.
Hope you enjoyed this.
This series is an attempt to disseminate the information available in Sanskrit literature to those who are interested in Sanskrit literature.
Thank you.
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